By Dr. Whitney Madigan, DVM, CVA, CERPV
"Skin is the largest organ in your horse's body and the only one you can see every day."
It also happens to be one of the biggest indicators of your horse's overall health.
Tiny scabs, hair loss, swelling, irritation or persistent itching may seem minor at first, but they can sometimes be the earliest signs of more significant problems. Daily grooming gives you an opportunity to notice these changes before they become larger issues.
Common Skin Conditions Every Horse Owner Should Know
Pigeon Fever
Pigeon Fever (Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis) is a bacterial infection that thrives in dry, dusty environments. Flies spread the bacteria from contaminated soil or infected animals into wounds, even tiny insect bites.
Scratches (Pastern Dermatitis)
Scratches is an inflammatory condition affecting the pasterns that may be caused by bacteria, fungi or prolonged moisture. Left untreated, it can become extremely painful.
Summer Sores (Habronemiasis)
Summer sores develop when fly-transmitted stomach worm larvae infect small wounds near the eyes, mouth or other moist areas of the body.
Lice
Even a small lice infestation can cause intense itching. Horses may rub constantly, lose weight and develop poor coat quality.
Squamous Cell Carcinoma
This common skin cancer is associated with sun exposure and often affects the eyes, muzzle and genital regions.
Sarcoids
Sarcoids are the most common skin tumors in horses. While they vary greatly in appearance, flies are believed to play an important role in spreading the bovine papillomavirus involved in many cases.
Why Fly Control Matters More Than Ever
With the recent emergence of New World Screwworm in the United States, effective fly control has become more important than ever. Beyond being irritating, flies can spread bacteria, parasites and viruses that contribute to many skin diseases.
Your Daily Grooming Routine Can Help Catch Problems Early
Daily grooming isn't just about making your horse shine.
It's one of the best opportunities to notice changes before they become serious.
While grooming, check:
- Eyes
- Ears
- Chest
- Girth area
- Abdomen
- Sheath or udder
- Tail dock
- Lower legs and pasterns
Bathing also helps remove sweat, dirt, bacteria, allergens and parasites that contribute to itching and skin irritation.
When to Call Your Veterinarian
If you notice:
- A sore that isn't healing
- New lumps or bumps
- Hair loss
- Persistent itching
- Swelling
- Drainage
- Rapidly changing skin lesions
have your veterinarian evaluate the area promptly. Early diagnosis often leads to better outcomes.
Final Thoughts
Healthy skin is more than a cosmetic concern, it's a window into your horse's overall health.
By combining thoughtful grooming, regular skin checks, proper bathing and consistent fly control, you'll be better equipped to spot problems early and keep your horse comfortable all season long.
About the Author
Dr. Whitney Madigan, DVM, CVA, CERPV
Certified Equine Rehabilitation & Performance Veterinarian
Dr. Whitney Madigan has dedicated her career to equine sports medicine, rehabilitation and preventative care. Her passion for educating horse owners aligns with The Gilded Paddock's mission of helping horses look and feel their very best through thoughtful daily care.